Prostate Cancer 'PC1' NutraceuticalProstate cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men, particularly in those over the age of 50. Studies have shown that death from prostate cancer is considerably lower in the populations of East and South Asia and this now thought largely due to specific compounds found in their diet. We have formulated a nutraceutical daily dietary supplement containing an optimised mix of three of these promising compounds - lycopene, selenium, and isoflavones - using quantities and purities specifically based on a large number of successful scientific studies. They have proven activity against prostate cancer cells and are safe, well-studied and well-tolerated organic compounds. 2 tablets to be taken daily on an ongoing basis.
For detailed information on the studies summarised above, continue reading. Modes of Action Based On In Vitro and In Vivo StudiesIsoflavones are naturally-occurring antioxidant molecules which are found almost exclusively in plants of the legume family. In recent studies, isoflavones were demonstrated to regulate genes important for the development of metastasis in animal models of prostate cancer, thereby significantly inhibiting metastatic bone tumour growth (Li, et al. 2004; Mentor-Marcel, et al. 2005), and advanced prostate cancer development (Wang, et al. 2007). Isoflavones have also been shown to switch off genes important for growth and proliferation in cultured prostate cells (Rabiau, et al. 2010), and also sensitise cultured prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs (Li, et al. 2005) and radiation therapy (Singh-Gupta, et al. 2009), increasing the effectiveness of these treatments. Selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and is required for certain antioxidant enzymes to function. It is found in small amounts in nuts, cereals, meat, fish, and eggs. Recent studies (Hawkes, et al. 2009) into the use of selenium as a prostate cancer therapy have demonstrated that it can directly control the proliferation of cultured prostate epithelial cells, and this effect can be further enhanced by simultaneously treating these cells with isoflavones (Zhao, et al. 2009). Selenium has also been shown to increase the production of tumour suppressing proteins in cultured prostate cancer cells (Berggren, et al. 2009). Selenium has further been shown (Wang, et al. 2009) to increase apoptosis (preprogrammed cell death) and decrease the proliferation of tumour cells, and thereby decrease the rate of cancer progression in a mouse model of prostate cancer, which results in significantly increased survival in these animals. Lycopene is an antioxidant carotenoid which is commonly found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Although lycopene appears to have little to no effect on the proliferation of cultured cancer cells directly (Burgess, et al. 2008), it is thought to have beneficial effects by reversing the stimulatory effect of hormones such as testosterone (Liu, et al. 2008), which are known to promote cancer growth. In addition, lycopene has been shown in other studies (Wang, et al. 2007; Gunasekera, et al. 2007) to cause apoptosis (preprogrammed cell death) in cultured prostate cancer cells. Order Our Anti-Prostate Cancer Nutraceutical Now! Clinical Studies Relevant To This Nutraceutical(A brief note on "PSA": Almost all clinical trials into treatments for prostate cancer use "serum PSA" as a marker of treatment benefit. PSA, or "prostate-specific antigen", is a protein produced by the prostate that is released into the blood, and high levels of PSA are usually a marker of prostate cancer or other prostate disorder. Rising levels of serum PSA over time in patients can be a marker of prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Stabilization or a decrease in PSA levels is frequently associated with an improved outcome for prostate cancer patients, and is therefore one of the markers of a successful treatment.) Prostate Cancer TreatmentSeveral small clinical trials have investigated the effect of isoflavones, lycopene and/or selenium for the treatment of prostate cancer. In one study (Schröder, et al. 2005) into supplements for prostate cancer, 46 prostate cancer patients were given a supplement containing isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin, and antioxidants, which resulted in a significant increase in the time it took for PSA levels in these patients to double (from an average of 445 days to 1150 days) compared to patients taking a placebo. Another study (Grainger, et al. 2008) on prostate cancer survival, in which patients were given a special diet rich in both lycopene and isoflavones for 8 weeks, found that 34% of men experienced a decrease in serum PSA levels as a result. In a similar study (Vaishampayan, et al. 2007), 71 prostate cancer patients with rising PSA levels were given lycopene or lycopene plus isoflavones. Successful PSA stabilization was achieved in 95% of the patients taking the lycopene supplement, though in contrast to other studies, a smaller number patients (67%) taking the lycopene + isoflavone supplement experienced PSA stabilization. It was not immediately clear why this should be the case in this study, although it may be due to random effects associated with the small number of patients included in the trial. A fourth study (Dalais, et al. 2004) also demonstrated that prostate cancer patients on a special diet rich in isoflavones showed a significant change in serum PSA levels (an average 12.7% decrease) compared to similar patients on control diet (who experienced an average 40% increase). A fifth study (Schwarz, et al. 2008) seeking to improve prostate cancer prognosis showed that giving lycopene to prostate cancer patients for 6 months significantly both decreased serum PSA levels and stopped further prostate enlargement compared to a group taking a placebo. Lycopene was also beneficial in sixth study (Ansari, et al. 2003) in which patients given lycopene after orchidectomy. After six months PSA levels were reduced more significantly than in the patients not given lycopene, and after two years almost twice the number of patients taking lycopene had a complete PSA response, and significantly less patients had died from their disease. In a similar trial (Kucuk, et al. 2002), 26 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer were given either lycopene or a placebo for 3 weeks before radical prostatectomy. After treatment, those taking lycopene had smaller tumours, less spread of tumour cells through the prostate, and lower PSA levels than those taking the placebo. In another study (Aronson, et al. 2010), 18 men with prostate cancer were put on a low fat/high fibre diet supplemented with isoflavones for 4 weeks. Their blood serum retarded the growth of cultured prostate cancer cells significantly more than men on a regular diet, although unlike in other studies, their PSA levels were not significantly changed. Similar generally positive results for the use of isoflavones for decreasing serum PSA levels in prostate cancer patients were also observed in several other studies (Hussain, et al. 2003; Kwan, et al. 2010). Isoflavones have also been used as a prostate cancer supplements and shown to beneficially alter hormone levels in prostate cancer patients. In one study (van Veldhuizen, et al. 2006) of natural products for prostate cancer, isoflavone-containing supplements were given to 11 prostate cancer patients, and they observed that 9 of them experienced a decrease in serum testosterone levels, a hormone which promotes the growth of prostate cancer cells. In another study (Kranse, et al. 2005), prostate cancer patients with rising PSA levels were given supplements rich in both isoflavones and selenium, and found that although PSA doubling times were unaffected, both serum PSA and hormone levels significantly decreased. Prevention of Prostate CancerA recent exhaustive review (Hwang, et al. 2009) of 13 studies into the effects of soy isoflavones on prostate cancer prevention which included 91,862 participants, of which 5,224 had prostate cancer, showed that soy isoflavones had a significant protective effect, with an average 31% lower incidence of prostate cancer in individuals that consumed high levels of soy isoflavones compared to those who did not. Likewise, one study (Reid, et al. 2008) showed that taking selenium supplements decreased total cancer incidence by 25% in a large group of individuals, and another, which combined data from 16 studies including over 168,000 individuals, showed that higher selenium intake helped in preventing prostate cancer and was associated with a 28% lower risk of the disease. In contrast to these studies however, two other large trials (Lippman, et al. 2009; Allen, et al. 2008) which followed 35,533 and 2,018 men over several years showed that taking selenium supplements did not have a significant effect on the risk of developing prostate cancer. In addition, one study (Kirsh, et al. 2006) that investigated lycopene intake in 29,361 men (including 1338 with prostate cancer) found that it was not significantly associated with preventing the occurrence of prostate cancer. It has been hypothesized that differences in the outcomes of trials using selenium may be at least partly due to the populations studied - in individuals with already high intakes of selenium, taking more will not have a significant effect, whereas those individuals who have a lower intake of selenium will benefit from the supplement. Other Beneficial EffectsIsoflavones, selenium, and lycopene have a range of other important effects on the body. Isoflavones have been shown to lower cholesterol levels and decrease the risk of heart disease. There is also some weak evidence to suggest they may be beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis. Selenium is important for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Deficiencies in selenium can result in heart abnormalities and degeneration of cartilage tissue. There is some weak evidence to suggest that it may decrease the risk of diabetes. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant, particularly as a quencher of singlet oxygen, thought to be the primary cause of skin aging. Some scientific studies have also suggested that lycopene may be protective against diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Order Our Anti-Prostate Cancer Nutraceutical Now! Further ReadingWe would highly recommend that anyone interested in researching these nutritional supplements or prostate cancer further look at the main database of scientific and clinical studies, PubMed. It is free to search and view abstracts from millions of scientific studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals over the past several decades. Full tutorials and help using PubMed can be found here. While they are generally of a technical nature and intended for a scientific/medical professional audience, non-specialists should also find them extremely useful. Order Our Anti-Prostate Cancer Nutraceutical Now! 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Schwarz S, Obermüller-Jevic UC, Hellmis E, Koch W, Jacobi G, Biesalski HK. J Nutr. 2008 Jan;138(1):49-53. Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Wang A, Zhang L. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2007 Sep;36(5):575-8. [Effect of lycopene on proliferation and cell cycle of hormone refractory prostate cancer PC-3 cell line] Gunasekera RS, Sewgobind K, Desai S, Dunn L, Black HS, McKeehan WL, Patil B. Nutr Cancer. 2007;58(2):171-7. Lycopene and lutein inhibit proliferation in rat prostate carcinoma cells. Kirsh VA, Mayne ST, Peters U, Chatterjee N, Leitzmann MF, Dixon LB, Urban DA, Crawford ED, Hayes RB. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Jan;15(1):92-8. A prospective study of lycopene and tomato product intake and risk of prostate cancer. Ansari MS, Gupta NP. BJU Int. 2003 Sep;92(4):375-8; discussion 378. A comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Kucuk O, Sarkar FH, Djuric Z, Sakr W, Pollak MN, Khachik F, Banerjee M, Bertram JS, Wood DP Jr. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002 Nov;227(10):881-5. Effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized prostate cancer. |
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